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"921112.DFC" (16888 bytes) was created on 11-12-92
Enter {V}iew, {X}MODEM, {Y}MODEM, {K}ERMIT, ? for HELP, or {M}enu [V]...
12-Nov-92 Daily File Collection
These files were added or updated between 11-Nov-92 at 21:00:00 {Central}
and 12-Nov-92 at 21:00:21.
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921112.REL
11/12/92: GOLDIN DESCRIBES NASA'S NEW COMMERCIALIZATION OFFICE
HQ92-201/NEW COMMERCIALIZATION OFFICE
Bill Livingstone
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. Nov. 10, 1992
RELEASE: 92-201
NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin announced today details about the
purpose and operations of the newly created Office of Advanced Concepts and
Technology, declaring it will pursue innovative ideas and high leverage
technology that both fulfill NASA's needs and have significant commercial
possibilities.
"NASA can be a leading force for creativity, innovation and boldness in
American society just as it was during the days of Apollo, when America reigned
supreme in the world of technology because we were on the cutting edge," he
said in an address to the Washington Space Business Roundtable.
The new office will not be a simple "stapling together" of previous
commercial program and space technology activities, but an "entirely new breed
-- a highly flexible, customer-driven organization," Goldin said.
The NASA Administrator said the new office will have four primary
functions that will satisfy the currently unmet needs of the industry, academic
and NASA communities.
First is a systems engineering team capable of judging the feasibility
and cost of highly innovative ideas.
"Currently, there is no place in NASA where someone with an advanced
concept can go to get an idea properly considered and evaluated. Furthermore,
in the rush to bend metal, there usually is little consideration of operations
or life cycle costs," the NASA Administrator said.
Avoiding 'Hobby Shops" for Real Opportunity
Such an advanced systems engineering function will help bridge the gap
between technology development and commercial applications "so we avoid ending
up with 'hobby shops' that aren't aligned with customers' needs, while
commercial opportunities fall by the wayside."
In its second major function, the office will be the agency's "front
door" for businesses that seek NASA expertise in developing new ideas and
technologies. This "one-stop shopping" center also will serve universities and
even NASA program offices, Goldin said. Currently people with new ideas often
are shuffled from office to office.
The third major function will be to transfer technology into the
commercial sector at a faster pace.
"We will seek the input of the technology user community to figure out
the best mechanisms to transfer technology, whether it's technical papers,
NASA-generated software, regional tech transfer centers, cooperative research
agreements or working in our labs and other facilities," Goldin said.
The office will welcome new ideas from any source, the NASA chief said.
"We want to abolish the 'not invented here' syndrome which breeds
insularity and fails to seize the good ideas within and outside of NASA."
NASA Devoted to Creation of Commercial Space Sector
The fourth function will be to stimulate commercial space activity. He
distinguished between "privatization," in which functions now performed by
government for itself are performed by private firms with the government as the
customer, and true space commerce in which products and processes related to
space are developed by commercial firms and sold in commercial markets.
"For everyone who's worried about the American economy being stuck in a
rut, it's vital that we remember the tremendous power of technology to produce
growth. Remember the tremendous push NASA gave the computer chip and software
sector," Goldin said.
Goldin said that revolutionary space technologies "hold the promise of
astounding commercial application." He listed virtual reality, powerful
lighter-weight plastics and ceramics, microsensors, artificial intelligence and
integrated opto-electronics for controls and navigation.
"Developing new technology is what drives this country forward. It
raises our standard of living by creating the new industries and new jobs of
tomorrow. I believe America today is crying out for organizations like NASA to
step up to the challenge of developing cutting-edge, dual-use technology that
can both keep America pushing outward into space and put Americans back to
work," the NASA Administrator declared.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921112.SHU
KSC SHUTTLE STATUS REPORT 11/12/92
SPACE SHUTTLE STATUS REPORT
Thursday, November 12, 1992
George H. Diller
Kennedy Space Center
Vehicle: OV-103/Space Shuttle Discovery
Current Location: Launch Pad 39-A
Mission: STS-53/DoD Inclination: 57 degrees
Launch timeframe: December, wk 1 Nominal Landing Site: KSC
Mission duration: 7 days 5 hours 54 minutes Crew Size: 5
IN WORK TODAY:
- Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT)
- X-rays of reaction control system bellows
- star tracker inspection
- astronaut emergency egress training at Pad 39-A
- Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA) flights
WORK SCHEDULED:
- conclude TCDT at 11 a.m. on Friday
- changeout left and right SRB fuel isolation valves on Friday
- OMS/RCS hypergolic propellant loading activities Sa./Su./Mo.
- retract rotating service structure/perform APU hot fire Monday
WORK COMPLETED:
- Inertial Measurement Unit Calibrations
- changeout/retest right booster Integrated Electronics Assembly
- Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Flight Readiness Test (FRT)
- main propulsion system helium signature leak check
- leak checks of orbiter/external tank quick disconnects
SPECIAL TOPICS: The IUS/TDRS payload for STS-54 completed its trip to Pad 39-B
on Tuesday evening and was installed in the payload changeout room (PCR) at the
pad on Wednesday.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921112A.REL
11/12/92: GOLDIN ANNOUNCES PERSONNEL ACTIONS AT HEADQUARTERS
HQ 92-202/PERSONNEL ANNOUNCEMENTS
Bill Livingstone
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 12, 1992
RELEASE: 92-202
NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin today announced that Paul F. Holloway,
in addition to his responsibilities as Director of Langley Research Center
(LaRC), Hampton, Va., temporarily will be assigned to NASA Headquarters as a
special assistant to the Administrator.
"Paul has a distinguished record of service with NASA and has provided
unparalleled leadership at Langley. I'm very pleased to announce his new
position as special assistant at Headquarters, where he will be intimately
involved with the day-to-day operations of the agency," said Goldin.
Holloway was appointed Director of LaRC in October 1991, where he was
responsible for the Center's aeronautical and space research programs, as well
as facilities and administration of the center's 3,000 civil service employees.
Prior to his appointment as Director, he was Deputy Director of Langley since
1985.
He joined the Langley staff in 1960 as an aerospace research engineer and
served in various positions including Chief, Space Systems Div. and Director
for Space. His research work has been in hypersonic aerodynamics, boundary
layer transition and flow separation, analysis of entry flight mechanisms and
Earth orbital and planetary space missions.
He earned a bachelor's of science degree in aeronautical engineering from
Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1960 and did graduate study in physics at the
College of William and Mary. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics and the American Aeronautical Society.
Assistant Administrator for Procurement
Goldin also announced today that Don G. Bush, Assistant Administrator for
Procurement, would be leaving the agency on Jan. 11, 1993. Bush, who joined
the agency in 1990 after numerous assignments in the Defense Department, plans
to pursue opportunities in the private sector.
"Don has done an outstanding job as the Assistant Administrator for
Procurement, forging ahead NASA's procurement reform program that began about
18 months ago. Clearly the agency will miss him," said Goldin.
"My association with the procurement professionals at NASA has been a very
rewarding experience," said Bush. "I will miss being with them for the exciting
times as many of my favorite procurement initiatives come to fruition. But,
there comes a time when one must move on to other interests."
Prior to his appointment as NASA Assistant Administrator for Procurement,
Bush held positions as Special Assistant and the Deputy Assistant Administrator
for Procurement.
Before joining NASA, he served on active duty with the U.S. Air Force in
all aspects of contracting and manufacturing operations, holding various
procurement assignments within the Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC) and at
AFLC Headquarters in base level procurement and central procurement policy. He
served as an administrative contracting officer in Thailand and then as Head of
Production for Defense Contract Administration Services for the state of
Wisconsin.
After an assignment as Procuring Contracting Officer and Director of
Subsystems in the A-10 Aircraft Systems Program Office, he returned to AFLC to
head their major program/policy acquisition strategy office. He subsequently
served in the Pentagon as Head of Major Weapon System Contract Policy and as
Deputy Director of Contracting and Manufacturing Policy in the Office of the
Assistant Secretary for Acquisition.
Bush earned a bachelor's of science degree in industrial engineering from
the University of Kentucky and a master's of science degree in logistics
management from the Air Force Institute of Technology.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921112B.REL
11/12/92: NASA NEWS OPERATION MOVES TO NEW LOCATION
NTE92-97/NEWSROOM MOVES
David W. Garrett
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
N
The NASA Headquarters Public Affairs Office will relocate to the new
NASA Headquarters Building at 300 "E" Street S.W. between Dec. 3-7. This will
necessitate some disruption of normal office functions.
The newsroom and Broadcast/Imaging telephone and facsimile facilities
will be disconnected at noon on Thursday Dec. 3 and will be back in service at
noon on Dec. 7.
Those needing still photos or audio/video materials, normally acquired
from the Broadcast and Imaging Branch, should place their requests with the
Johnson Space Center, Houston, beginning Nov. 18 through mid-December.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_12_7.TXT
Mir element set 696 (12-Nov-92)
Mir
1 16609U 86 17 A 92317.33598151 .00017330 00000-0 25257-3 0 6963
2 16609 51.6246 227.4081 0002652 63.9125 296.2120 15.55798832385329
Satellite: Mir
Catalog number: 16609
Epoch time: 92317.33598151
Element set: 696
Inclination: 51.6246 deg
RA of node: 227.4081 deg Semi-major axis: 3659.7872 n.mi.
Eccentricity: 0.0002652 Apogee altitude: 216.8236 n.mi.
Arg of perigee: 63.9125 deg Perigee altitude: 214.8825 n.mi.
Mean anomaly: 296.2120 deg Altitude decay: 0.0272 n.mi./day
Mean motion: 15.55798832 rev/day Apsidal rotation: 3.7281 deg/day
Decay rate: 1.7330E-04 rev/day~2 Nodal regression: -4.9932 deg/day
Epoch rev: 38532 Nodal period: 92.4954 min
G.L.CARMAN
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_9_12.TXT
1993 OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS MISSIONS
Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (DXS) - Jan. 13 -
Carried in the Space Shuttle payload bay, DXS's two instruments will measure
diffuse X-rays from the interstellar medium and test the theory that the
observed diffuse soft X-ray background originates from the remnant of a star
that exploded eons ago. The primary payload for this flight is TDRS-F.
Spacelab D-2 - Feb. 18 -
For this German Spacelab mission, OSSA is sponsoring one microgravity and two
life science experiments. The payload operations control center for this
mission will be located in Germany.
Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-2) - Mar. 23 -
ATLAS-2 is the second in a series of ATLAS flights to study the interaction of
the Sun and the Earth's atmosphere. It is a crucial component of NASA's
Mission to Planet Earth. Six instruments will be mounted on a Spacelab pallet
in the Shuttle's payload bay. A seventh instrument and its electronics will be
located in two canisters attached to the payload bay wall.
Spacehab - 1 - Apr. 28 -
A private industry effort, Spacehab will carry at least one Office of Space
Science and Applications microgravity experiment.
NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (NOAA-I) - May -
NOAA-I will conduct global environmental observations and search and rescue
operations. Acting as NOAA's agent, NASA procures the satellite and
instruments and provides for their launch. NOAA-I will be launched into a
polar orbit from Vandenberg Air Force Base on an Atlas-E Expendable Launch
Vehicle (ELV). NOAA-I has a design life of at least two years.
Advance Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) / Orbiting and Retrievable
Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) - July 9 -
ACTS will test new satellite communications technologies. ACTS will be
deployed from the Space Shuttle and then propelled into a geostationary orbit
using a Transfer Orbit Stage. ACTS' design life is two years. ORFEUS is the
first in a series of planned U.S.-German Shuttle Pallet Satellite (Astro-SPAS)
missions. Astro-SPAS is a free-flying, retrievable space carrier. ORFEUS
consists of three spectrometers for measuring ultraviolet radiation.
Wind - Aug. 93 -
Part of the Global Geospace Science Program, Wind will determine solar wind
input properties including plasma waves, energetic-particles, electric and
magnetic fields for magnetosphere and ionospheric studies. Wind is a
spin-stabilized spacecraft that will make a lunar swingby and orbit 215 Earth
radii towards the sun. Wind will be launched on a Delta 2 ELV. Wind's design
life is 3 years.
Sea-Viewing Wide Field Sensor (SeaWiFS) - Aug. -
Launched into low-Earth orbit on a Pegasus, SeaWiFS will measure changes in
ocean color that indicate where concentrations of phytoplankton and chlorophyll
lie on the surface of the ocean. For global change research, measuring
concentrations of phytoplankton are essential in understanding the role of
oceans in the global carbon cycle. The satellite will be built, launched and
controlled by Orbital Science Corporation to provide commercially useful data
for sale.
Spacelab Life Sciences-2 (SLS-2) - Aug. 25 -
SLS-2 is the second in a series of Spacelab Life Sciences flights. A total of
14 experiments will be flown, concentrating on the
cardiovascular/cardiopulmonary systems, neuroscience, regulatory physiology and
musculoskeletal system.
NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (NOAA-J) - Dec. -
NOAA-J will conduct global environmental observations and search and rescue
operations. Acting as NOAA's agent, NASA procures the satellite and
instruments and provides for their launch. NOAA-J will be launched into a
polar orbit from Vandenberg A.F. Base on an Atlas-E ELV. NOAA-J has a design
life of at least two years. Though manifested for a Dec. launch, NOAA-J will
be built by NASA and held in storage until requested by NOAA.
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Revisit - Dec. 7 -
During this eight-day mission, the Shuttle crew will replace the solar arrays,
correct the spherical aberration and replace the gyroscopes and other
components as necessary.
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-I) - Dec. -
GOES- I will provide continuous environmental observations including severe
storm warnings. A NOAA spacecraft for which NASA acts as NOAA's agent in
procuring the satellite and instruments and providing for their launch. GOES-I
will be launched into a geostationary orbit on an Atlas-I ELV from Cape
Canaveral A.F. Station. GOES-I has a design life of five years.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
`
=--=END OF COLLECTION---COLLECTED 6 FILES---COMPLETED 21:05:00=--=
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"921110.DFC" (47394 bytes) was created on 11-10-92
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10-Nov-92 Daily File Collection
These files were added or updated between 09-Nov-92 at 21:00:00 {Central}
and 10-Nov-92 at 21:00:22.
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921109B.REL
11/10/92: TECHNOLOGY 2002 WILL SPOTLIGHT NATIONAL CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Barbara E. Selby
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 9, 1992
RELEASE: 92-199
This December, the nation's top technology managers will gather in
Baltimore to explore a gold mine of innovative ideas that can be used to solve
engineering problems, create new products and help U.S. industry use
cutting-edge technology to gain a competitive edge in the global marketplace.
TECHNOLOGY 2002, the third national technology transfer conference and
exposition, will take place Dec. 1-3, at the Baltimore Convention Center in
Baltimore. The event, sponsored by NASA, "NASA Tech Briefs" magazine and the
Technology Utilization Foundation, will spotlight leading- edge technologies
from NASA and other federal agencies which U.S. industry can use to develop new
or improved products and processes.
"A wealth of technology is available from within NASA and other federal
research and development agencies," said Daniel S. Goldin, NASA Administrator.
"TECHNOLOGY 2002 is a premier forum for promoting the transfer of this
technology to non-aerospace businesses."
Keynote speakers for the conference are Maryland Senator Barbara
Mikulski (opening session on Dec. 1) and Sam F. Iacobellis, Executive Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer, Rockwell International (Dec. 2). Other
participants will include speakers from NASA, the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and Human
Services, Interior, Transportation and Veterans Affairs.
TECHNOLOGY 2002 will feature more than 120 presentations highlighting
inventions with commercial promise in areas identified as national critical
technologies, such as manufacturing, advanced materials, computing,
communications, microelectronics, biotechnology, energy and the environment.
Additionally, special hands-on workshops will address the "ins and outs"
of patent licensing, cooperative research and development and Small Business
Innovation Research grants.
Since its inception 3 years ago, the symposium has more than tripled in
size and participation. Some 6,000 engineers and business managers across U.S.
industry are expected to attend TECHNOLOGY 2002, which will showcase over
60,000 square feet of exhibits from all nine NASA field centers, other
government agencies, universities, government research centers and a diverse
array of high-tech companies.
TECHNOLOGY 2002 will open National Technology Transfer Week, Nov. 30
through Dec. 5, 1992. Two other technology transfer conferences -- the
President's National Technology Initiative (NTI) and the MIT Entrepreneurial
Technology Transfer Conference -- are planned during the week. The NTI will be
held concurrently with TECHNOLOGY 2002's Dec. 1 sessions at the Baltimore
Convention Center. The MIT conference will take place on Dec. 3-5 at the
Baltimore Hyatt Regency Hotel.
The NTI will focus on opportunities for partnerships between government,
academia and U.S. companies to translate new technologies into marketable goods
and services. Top- level officials from the Departments of Commerce, Energy,
Transportation, NASA and other federal agencies will discuss three critical
elements for U.S. competitiveness -- technology, capital and manufacturing.
The MIT Conference, sponsored by the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology Enterprise Forum, is designed to provide the skills and tools needed
to commercialize emerging technologies and capitalize on partnership
opportunities such as those featured at TECHNOLOGY 2002 and the NTI. In more
than 25 "how to" sessions and interactive tutorials, leading entrepreneurs,
technology licensing officers, research managers and investors will help
attendees formulate technology transfer strategies and techniques.
- end -
EDITORS NOTE: News media may attend TECHNOLOGY 2002 and the National Technology
Initiative free of charge and are invited to the pre-show reception on Monday,
Nov. 30.
To pre-register, affix a business card or copy of your media
identification to the attached form and mail or FAX by Nov. 20 to Technology
Utilization Foundation, 41 East 42nd Street - Suite 921, New York, N.Y., 10017,
or FAX to 212/986- 7864.
For general inquiries about Technology 2002 and the NTI, call
800/944-NASA. For more information on the MIT conference, call 617/862-0397.
Media Pre-registration Form
TECHNOLOGY 2002/National Technology Initiative
December 1-3, 1992
Baltimore Convention Center
Baltimore, Md.
Please print or type:
NAME:
TITLE:
AFFILIATION:
ADDRESS:
CITY/STATE/ZIP CODE:
POSTAL CODE:
COUNTRY:
TELEPHONE:
I plan to attend the conference on:
_______ Tuesday, December 1
_______ Wednesday, December 2
_______ Thursday, December 3
_______ I also plan to attend the opening reception on
Monday, November 30 (6:00-8:00 p.m.).
MAIL OR FAX TO:
Technology Utilization Foundation
41 East 42nd Street - Suite 921
New York, N.Y. 10017
FAX 212/986-7864
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921110.REL
11/10/92: KSC FEATURE STORY IDEAS -- NOVEMBER 1992
KSC NOVEMBER FEATURE IDEAS
Bruce Buckingham
407/867-2468 November 1992
KSC RELEASE NO. 153 - 92
Processing Continues on Next Year's Shuttle Payloads
Even though there is one more Shuttle launch this year, next year's buffet
of American and international payloads to be launched aboard the Space Shuttle
are in various stages of preparation at KSC. Some are first-time flyers and
others will be continuing a healthy program of flights aboard the Shuttle as
NASA's international partners in space. These include the second German
Spacelab module to fly on the Shuttle; the ATLAS-2, a pallet and igloo of
experiments; and the second Space Life Sciences spacelab module. In addition,
the first Spacehab payload to be flown on the Shuttle will arrive at KSC in
January.
(Public Affairs Contact: Lisa Malone)
KSC Open House Set for Nov. 21
In celebration of the International Space Year, KSC is hosting an open
house for all of its employees and their families on Nov. 21. The feature
attraction is expected to be the Space Shuttle Endeavour, which is scheduled to
be rolled from the Orbiter Processing Facility to the Vehicle Assembly Building
transfer aisle where it will be on display. Thousands of KSC employees and
family members are expected to visit KSC and view Endeavour. They will also be
permitted to drive around Shuttle launch pad 39-B, visit the Launch Control
Center, the Shuttle Landing Facility, the Thermal Protection System Facility,
the Solid Rocket Booster Assembly and Refurbishment Facility and the NASA News
Center. Also open to visitors will be a solid rocket booster recovery ship to
be located at the turn basin adjacent to the News Center.
(Public Affairs Contact: Bruce Buckingham)
KSC Business Opportunities Expo '92
The KSC Business Opportunities Expo '92 is scheduled to be held on
November 10 from 9:00 a.m. until 3:00 p.m. at Cruise Terminal No. 5, Port
Canaveral, Fla. This is a premier matchmaker expo co-sponsored by the KSC Small
Business Council and the Canaveral Port Authority. Coordinators hope to bring
together prime contractors, large corporations and government agencies and
acquaint buyers and technical representatives with alternative sources of
supplies and services. Over 200 exhibitors are expected to be on hand.
(Public Affairs Contact: Lisa Malone)
KSC to Collect Christmastide Donations for Charity
Center Director Bob Crippen has invited all Government and contractor
employees at KSC to participate in the Christmastide Program -- an effort to
assist needy individuals and families in Brevard. This year no clothing, toys
or food are being collected. Instead, only monetary donations will be
presented to the Salvation Army for distribution throughout the County. This is
but one of many ways KSC employees contribute to those less fortunate.
(Public Affairs Contact: Bruce Buckingham)
KSC Leads in the Development of New Protective Coatings
KSC is spearheading the industry in developing a revolutionary protective
coating to safeguard metals such as steel and aluminum and which could have
unlimited possibilities in the private sector. These coatings will be used on
the Shuttle launching pads and various support equipment to guard against the
corrosive effects of launch and the seaside environment. This primer coating
could have applications for off-shore oil rigs, automobile parts, underground
tanks, bridges and aerospace structures. Several leading coating industries
have recently bid on a contract to develop the highly sought-after commercial
product.
(Public Affairs Contact: Lisa Malone)
New Freon Recovery System
KSC is working with a new recovery system used to capture unused freon
from Space Shuttles following their mission and return to KSC. Freon is used
for the cooling of orbiter electronic avionics, payloads and the crew module.
Due to information that indicates freon is harmful to the environment, proper
disposal is practiced at KSC.
(Public Affairs Contact: Bruce Buckingham)
CELSS Continues Crop Studies
A NASA team has recently harvested nearly 500 pounds of potatoes from
KSC's Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) laboratories. The
hydroponically grown potatoes are part of a study being conducted by NASA and
The Bionetics Corp. to study the most effective ways to grow food plants in
space.
(Public Affairs Contact: Mitch Varnes)
KSC FY 92 Socioeconomic Goals
Final results have been received from NASA Headquarters relative to the
FY92 socioeconomic goals established by NASA for Small and Small Disadvantaged
Business opportunities and Kennedy Space Center has gone above and beyond what
was expected of the center. KSC exceeded all goals as indicated: Small
Business -- 117 percent; Small Disadvantaged Business -- 117 percent; and
Women-Owned Business -- 133 percent.
(Public Affairs Contact: Lisa Malone)
Kennedy Innovations to be Displayed at "Technology 2002'
Four KSC research topics will be presented at the third annual technology
transfer conference scheduled to be held in Baltimore on Dec. 1-3. "Technology
2002" is a NASA-sponsored event that will include exhibits and the presentation
of papers. KSC's areas include "Information and Communications," "Energy and
Environment," "Artificial Intelligence," and "Sensors and Signal Processing."
(Public Affairs Contact: Lisa Malone)
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921110.SHU
KSC SHUTTLE STATUS REPORT 11/10/92
SPACE SHUTTLE STATUS REPORT
Tuesday, November 10, 1992
George H. Diller
Kennedy Space Center
Vehicle: OV-103/Space Shuttle Discovery
Current Location: Launch Pad 39-A
Mission: STS-53/DoD Inclination: 57 degrees
Launch timeframe: December, wk 1 Nominal Landing Site: KSC
Mission duration: 7 days 5 hours 54 minutes Crew Size: 5
IN WORK TODAY:
- Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) calibrations
- X-rays of reaction control system bellows
- main engine Flight Readiness Test
- Changeout right booster Integrated Electronics Assembly (IEA)
- STS-53 astronaut arrival at SLF today at 4:30 p.m.
WORK SCHEDULED:
- helium signature leak check of main propulsion system Wednesday
- retest right booster hydraulics and IEA on Wednesday night
- astronaut emergency egress training on Wednesday and Thursday
- Shuttle Training Aircraft flights on Wednesday and Thursday
- TCDT count begins 8 a.m. on Thursday, T-0 at 11 a.m. on Friday
- Changeout SRB fuel isolation valves on Friday
- Auxiliary power unit hot fire next weekend
WORK COMPLETED:
- launch pad validations
- solid rocket booster Flight Readiness Test
SPECIAL TOPICS: The IUS/TDRS payload for STS-54 remains in the Vehicle Assembly
Building awaiting diminished wind conditions before completing the trip to Pad
39-B.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921110.SKD
DAILY NEWS/TV SKED 11-10-92
Daily News
Tuesday, November 10, 1992 24-hour audio service at 202/755-1788
% STS-52 Crew Postflight Press Conference, Nov. 12;
% MSTI/Scout Launch delayed indefinitely;
%Yesterday's first NASA Town Meeting in Raleigh, N.C., a success;
%STS-53 Space Shuttle Discovery Status Report.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
The STS-52 crew postflight press conference is scheduled for Thursday, Nov. 12
at 10: a.m. EST. The briefing will be carried live on NASA Select television
from the Johnson Space Center. The crew will take the opportunity to narrate
film highlights and activities from their mission.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
The 6th launch attempt for the Department of Defense Miniature Seeker
Technology Integration payload aboard a NASA Scout launch vehicle from
Vandenberg Air Force Base has been delayed indefinitely. The MSTI will be
moved to a horizontal position to troubleshoot for ground support equipment
problems.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
The first in a series of NASA Town Meetings took place in Raleigh yesterday on
the campus of the North Carolina State University. Over 700 people came to
listen and to ask questions and comment on programs. Administrator Daniel
Goldin talked about the purpose of the town meeting and what NASA is all about.
He took questions for about an hour and then a panel comprised of Charles
Bolden, Darleen Druyun, Cecil Rosen, Dr. Lennard Fisk, Martin Kress and Greg
Reck took over to answer questions. Earlier in the day, Goldin and Bolden
spoke at Daniels Middle School, and met with area industry and academic
representatives and local citizens.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Technicians at the Kennedy Space Center have scheduled a main engine Flight
Readiness Test today for the Space Shuttle Discovery. The STS-53 astronauts
will arrive at the SLF today around 5:30 p.m. EST. Yesterday technicians
conducted launch pad validations and the solid rocket booster Flight Readiness
Test. The STS-53/DoD mission is scheduled for launch in early December.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Here's the broadcast schedule for Public Affairs events on NASA Select TV. Note
that all events and times may change without notice, and that all times listed
are Eastern. Live indicates a program is transmitted live.
Tuesday, November 10, 1992
Live 12:00 pm NASA Today news program.
12:15 pm Aeronautics and Space Report.
12:30 pm Shuttle Life: Weightlessness.
1:00 pm Pioneer 10...20th Anniversary & Revealing Venus.
2:00 pm Starfinder #6.
2:30 pm Von Braun Forum from MSFC
(Taped Replay of the Oct. 30 event).
4:00 pm NASA Today and subsequent programming repeats.
8:00 pm NASA Today and subsequent programming repeats.
12:00 am NASA Today and subsequent programming repeats.
Thursday, November 12, 1992
Live 10:00 am STS-52 Crew Postflight Press Conference
Live 12:00 pm NASA Today news program.
12:15 pm Aeronautics & Space Report.
12:30 pm We have a Satellite, STS-49.
1:00 pm TQM Colloquium w/ Mr. Jay Honeycutt from KSC.
2:00 pm Starfinder #8 Dare to Dream & Teacher Resource
2:30 pm Von Braun Forum from MSFC (Taped
Replay of the Oct. 30 Event).
4:00 pm NASA Today and subsequent programming repeats.
8:00 pm NASA Today and subsequent programming repeats.
12:00 am NASA Today and subsequent programming repeats.
NASA Select TV is carried on GE Satcom F2R, transponder 13, C-Band, 72 degrees
West Longitude, transponder frequency is 3960 MegaHertz, audio subcarrier is
6.8 MHz, polarization is vertical.
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11/10/92: FIRST STEPS TO MARS TAKEN BY SIMULATION IN ANTARCTICA
Paula Cleggett-Haleim
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 10, 1992
Mike Fluharty
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C
RELEASE: 92-200
Scientists from NASA and the National Science Foundation (NSF) are
taking the first steps to Mars this winter in the most unearthly place on the
planet -- Antarctica.
NASA and NSF researchers are conducting several unique science and
technology projects developed under a joint effort called the Antarctic Space
Analog Program. The program uses the harsh, frigid conditions of the Antarctic
continent to test technology and techniques for future missions to the moon and
Mars.
"Our current work stresses exploration by robots and tests of the
equipment needed to support humans in a remote environment. We're also
studying how humans interact with those technologies," said Dr. John D. Rummel,
NASA Program Committee Co-Chairperson.
"The U.S. Antarctic Program, under NSF management, is interested in
testing NASA-developed technologies, such as telescience, which could help
reduce the number of people who run our scientific experiments," said Dr. Carol
A. Roberts, NSF Program Committee Co-Chairperson.
"Also," she continued, "we are very much interested in preserving the
pristine Antarctic environment through improved waste processing and energy
production technologies."
The Antarctic, known for its physical challenges, isolation and rugged
terrain, is an excellent place to evaluate exploration technologies and human
factor questions because scientists live and work under conditions similar to
those that planetary explorers will encounter.
"Telepresence" and Power
From October through December, researchers are studying a permanently
frozen Antarctic lake using "telepresence" technology developed at NASA's Ames
Research Center, Mountain View, Calif. Telepresence lets an operator, wearing a
video headset, see through cameras on a remotely- controlled robot. The
researcher's head movements direct the camera's movements.
In the project, a remotely operated "rover", connected to the surface
by a cable, will descend into Lake Hoare to study the lake's life forms. The
goal is to demonstrate the scientific use of telepresence while gaining further
insight into the Mars environment that may have existed several billion years
ago.
The scientists' field camp is supported by an advanced solar power
system that can be deployed easily in remote field locations. NASA's Lewis
Research Center, Cleveland, developed the system.
The NASA Office of Space Science and Applications and Office of
Advanced Concepts and Technology and NSF's Division of Polar Programs jointly
sponsor the expedition.
"Dante" to Descend into Volcanic "Inferno"
Later this season, NASA plans to send an eight-legged robot into the
crater of Antarctica's Mount Erebus, the world's only easily-reached volcano
with a permanent lava lake. The rover, appropriately dubbed "Dante," will
photograph the crater, measure the temperature of the lava lake and sample the
gases it releases.
The Erebus project will test technology for future robotic explorers
that could cross the rugged Martian landscape. It also will collect science
data to help understand Earth's environment, since some scientists think that
gases from volcanic eruptions may play a role in depleting Earth's ozone layer.
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, built Dante under a $2 million
NASA grant.
Fresh Food for Future Explorers
In another experiment, the NASA/NSF researchers are trying to produce
fresh food and to a significant extent, recover water under controlled
conditions at the South Pole.
The Closed Ecological Life Support System Antarctic Analog Project
addresses crop productivity, the effect of fresh food on humans' well-being and
how the integrated system performs. Scientists believe that having fresh food
during the long South Polar winter will be good for their physical and
psychological well-being -- benefits that would apply to long-duration human
space missions as well.
The project's waste management system also will reduce the impact of
humans on the pristine polar environment. In January, scientists will travel
to the South Pole to evaluate the site and to analyze waste materials that will
be recycled by the system.
The program is managed by the Advanced Life Support Division at NASA's
Ames Research Center and is co-sponsored by Ames' Life Sciences Division and
the NSF Division of Polar Programs.
- end -
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FIRST STEPS TO MARS TAKEN BY SIMULATION IN ANTARCTICA
Paula Cleggett-Haleim
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 10, 1992
Mike Fluharty
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C
RELEASE: 92-200
Scientists from NASA and the National Science Foundation (NSF) are
taking the first steps to Mars this winter in the most unearthly place on the
planet -- Antarctica.
NASA and NSF researchers are conducting several unique science and
technology projects developed under a joint effort called the Antarctic Space
Analog Program. The program uses the harsh, frigid conditions of the Antarctic
continent to test technology and techniques for future missions to the moon and
Mars.
"Our current work stresses exploration by robots and tests of the
equipment needed to support humans in a remote environment. We're also
studying how humans interact with those technologies," said Dr. John D. Rummel,
NASA Program Committee Co-Chairperson.
"The U.S. Antarctic Program, under NSF management, is interested in
testing NASA-developed technologies, such as telescience, which could help
reduce the number of people who run our scientific experiments," said Dr. Carol
A. Roberts, NSF Program Committee Co-Chairperson.
"Also," she continued, "we are very much interested in preserving the
pristine Antarctic environment through improved waste processing and energy
production technologies."
The Antarctic, known for its physical challenges, isolation and rugged
terrain, is an excellent place to evaluate exploration technologies and human
factor questions because scientists live and work under conditions similar to
those that planetary explorers will encounter.
"Telepresence" and Power
From October through December, researchers are studying a permanently
frozen Antarctic lake using "telepresence" technology developed at NASA's Ames
Research Center, Mountain View, Calif. Telepresence lets an operator, wearing a
video headset, see through cameras on a remotely- controlled robot. The
researcher's head movements direct the camera's movements.
In the project, a remotely operated "rover", connected to the surface
by a cable, will descend into Lake Hoare to study the lake's life forms. The
goal is to demonstrate the scientific use of telepresence while gaining further
insight into the Mars environment that may have existed several billion years
ago.
The scientists' field camp is supported by an advanced solar power
system that can be deployed easily in remote field locations. NASA's Lewis
Research Center, Cleveland, developed the system.
The NASA Office of Space Science and Applications and Office of
Advanced Concepts and Technology and NSF's Division of Polar Programs jointly
sponsor the expedition.
"Dante" to Descend into Volcanic "Inferno"
Later this season, NASA plans to send an eight-legged robot into the
crater of Antarctica's Mount Erebus, the world's only easily-reached volcano
with a permanent lava lake. The rover, appropriately dubbed "Dante," will
photograph the crater, measure the temperature of the lava lake and sample the
gases it releases.
The Erebus project will test technology for future robotic explorers
that could cross the rugged Martian landscape. It also will collect science
data to help understand Earth's environment, since some scientists think that
gases from volcanic eruptions may play a role in depleting Earth's ozone layer.
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, built Dante under a $2 million
NASA grant.
Fresh Food for Future Explorers
In another experiment, the NASA/NSF researchers are trying to produce
fresh food and to a significant extent, recover water under controlled
conditions at the South Pole.
The Closed Ecological Life Support System Antarctic Analog Project
addresses crop productivity, the effect of fresh food on humans' well-being and
how the integrated system performs. Scientists believe that having fresh food
during the long South Polar winter will be good for their physical and
psychological well-being -- benefits that would apply to long-duration human
space missions as well.
The project's waste management system also will reduce the impact of
humans on the pristine polar environment. In January, scientists will travel
to the South Pole to evaluate the site and to analyze waste materials that will
be recycled by the system.
The program is managed by the Advanced Life Support Division at NASA's
Ames Research Center and is co-sponsored by Ames' Life Sciences Division and
the NSF Division of Polar Programs.
- end -
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TOPEX/POSEIDON STATUS REPORT
October 26, 1992
The satellite has entered the initial verification phase of its
mission which is designed to calibrate and assess satellite-based measurements
with in-situ data taken at the two verification sites. These sites are located
on the Texaco Harvest Oil Platform off Point Conception, Calif. (the NASA site)
and at Lampione Rock near Lampedusa Island in the Mediterranean Sea (the CNES
site). The satellite supported a successful overflight of the Harvest Platform
on Saturday, Oct. 24. The weather was clear, the seas were calm and all
instruments performed nominally. The precision orbit determination and
verification team (PVT) reports that data from the French DORIS and laser
tracking agreed to within two centimeters.
Overall, the satellite and sensors are performing nominally and all
data products are being produced as planned.
New almanacs were loaded on the Global Positioning System
Demonstration Receiver (GPSDR) this morning and the GPSDR was commanded to
track mode.
The Ku-band NASA radar altimeter has produced preliminary results of
wave height over the global ocean. The data were recorded from Sept. 25 to
Oct. 4, 1992. The highest waves were observed in the Southern Ocean south of
South Africa and Australia, where giant waves as high as eight meters (26 feet)
were recorded.
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GALILEO STATUS REPORT
November 3, 1992
The Galileo Spacecraft is operating normally in the dual-spin mode and is
transmitting coded telemetry at 7.68 Kbps (7680 bits/second).
Yesterday, real-time commands were sent to change the coded telemetry rate
from 1200 bps to 7.68 Kbps, in response to a request from the HIC (Heavy Ion
Counter) investigator. This data mode change allows observations of solar
activity which occurred earlier yesterday. Tracking was scheduled over DSS-63
(Madrid 70 meter antenna).
Today, November 3, 1992, a delta DOR (Differential One-way Ranging) pass
is scheduled over DSS-14 (Goldstone 70 meter antenna) and DSS-63. Tracking is
also scheduled over DSS-14, DSS-43 (Canberra 70 meter antenna) and DSS-63.
Tomorrow, a delta DOR pass is scheduled over DSS-14 and DSS-43. Tracking
is also scheduled DSS-63 and DSS-14.
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GALILEO STATUS REPORT
November 4, 1992
The Galileo Spacecraft is operating normally in the dual-spin mode and is
transmitting coded telemetry at 7.68 Kbps (7680 bits/second).
Yesterday, a delta DOR (Differential One-way Ranging) pass was scheduled
over DSS-14 (Goldstone 70 meter antenna) and DSS-63 (Madrid 70 meter antenna).
After configuring the telemetry rate to 7.68 Kbps, it was reported that four of
the UVS (Ultraviolet Spectrometer instrument) telemetry channels were not in
their expected state. Analysis is in process. The instrument health is not
threatened. Tracking was also scheduled over DSS-43 (Canberra 70 meter
antenna).
Today, November 4, 1992,a delta DOR pass is scheduled over DSS-14 and
DSS-43. Additionally, real-time commands are being scheduled to perform a UVS
memory readout to to verify the state of the instrument and its memory.
Tracking is also scheduled over DSS-63 and DSS-14.
Tomorrow, real-time commands are scheduled to configure system fault
protection parameters for the near Earth 2 operations. Continuous tracking is
scheduled over DSS-14, DSS-43 and DSS-63.
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GALILEO STATUS REPORT
November 5, 1992
The Galileo Spacecraft is operating normally in the dual-spin mode and is
transmitting coded telemetry at 7.68 Kbps (7680 bits/second).
Yesterday, a delta DOR (Differential One-way Ranging) pass was scheduled
over DSS-14 (Goldstone 70 meter antenna) and DSS-43 (Canberra 70 meter
antenna). Additionally, real-time commands were sent to perform a UVS
(Ultraviolet Spectrometer) memory readout to verify the state of the instrument
and its memory. Tracking was also scheduled over DSS-63 (Madrid 70 meter
antenna) and DSS-14.
Today, November 5, 1992, real-time commands are scheduled to configure
system fault protection parameters for the near Earth 2 operations. Continuous
tracking is scheduled over DSS-14, DSS-43 and DSS-63.
Tomorrow, a DOR pass is scheduled over DSS-14 and DSS-43. Additionally,
the EPD (Energetic Particle Detector), PWS (Plasma Wave) and PLS (Plasma)
instruments are scheduled to be turned on. Tracking is scheduled over DSS-63.
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MARS OBSERVER STATUS REPORT
November 2, 1992
11:00 AM PST
Launch +38 Days
Flight Sequence C3 C continues executing toward its completion on November 17.
Magnetometer and Gamma Ray Spectrometer instrument teams are receiving early
cruise calibration data. The Mars Observer Camera "bakeout" is continuing
through December 26.
The Spacecraft Team reports that all Mars Observer subsystems continue to
perform well.
The C3 C timeline indicates that new spacecraft activities will be relatively
minimal over the next several days. However, this status will be updated daily
through completion of C3, or more frequently should events dictate.
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MARS OBSERVER STATUS REPORT
November 3, 1992
12:30 PM PST
Launch +39 Days
Flight Sequence C3 C continues executing toward its completion on November 17.
Magnetometer and Gamma Ray Spectrometer instrument teams are receiving early
cruise calibration data. The Mars Observer Camera "bakeout" is continuing
through December 26.
The Spacecraft Team reports that all Mars Observer subsystems continue to
perform well.
The C3 C timeline indicates that new spacecraft activities will be relatively
minimal over the next several days. However, this status will be updated daily
through completion of C3, or more frequently should events dictate.
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MARS OBSERVER STATUS REPORT
November 4, 1992
11:00 AM PST
Launch +40 Days
Flight Sequence C3 C continues executing toward its completion on November 17.
Magnetometer and Gamma Ray Spectrometer instrument teams are receiving early
cruise calibration data. The Mars Observer Camera "bakeout" is continuing
through December 26.
The Spacecraft Team reports that all Mars Observer subsystems continue to
perform well.
A Flight Software modification proposal review is taking place today at JPL.
The advisability and effectiveness of implementing minor changes is being
reviewed by Project Management and flight software experts from both JPL and
Contractor organizations.
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MARS OBSERVER MISSION STATUS
November 6, 1992
The Mars Observer spacecraft team reports that all spacecraft subsystems
continue to perform well. Instrument payload and payload data checkouts are
continuing as planned.
The instrument calibration flight sequence currently under way will
continue through Nov. 17, 1992. The Magnetometer and Gamma Ray Spectrometer
instrument teams are receiving early cruise calibration data. The Mars
Observer Camera "bakeout" to prepare the camera for operation will continue
through Dec. 26, 1992. New spacecraft activities are expected to be minimal
over the next several days.
Today the spacecraft is about 12 million kilometers (7.5 million miles)
from Earth, traveling at a speed of about 11,800 kilometers per hour (7,500
miles per hour) relative to Earth. The spacecraft is traveling at a
heliocentric velocity of about 111,000 kilometers per hour (72,000 miles per
hour).
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ULYSSES MISSION OPERATIONS REPORT
20th October to 26th October 1992
1. MISSION OPERATIONS
Experiment reconfigurations have been carried out as required.
On 21st October a HED (Magnetic Field instrument) in-flight calibration was
carried out.
On 26th October a KEP (Energetic Particles instrument) in-flight calibration
was carried out.
Routine Earth pointing manoeuvres were performed on 20th, 23rd, and 26th
October.
An average of 96.9 % data recovery was achieved during the reporting period.
The percentage of data acquired as a function of bit rate is as follows:
1024 bps 45.68 %
512 bps 54.14 %
A reduction in the number of ranging passes continued during the reporting
period in order to improve the poor signal to noise ratio encountered at the
present large spacecraft-Earth distances.
2. SPACECRAFT STATUS
POWER
Nominal.
Estimated S/C power consumption 258 watts.
AOCS
Nominal.
TTC
The spacecraft is currently configured with receiver 2 as the prime unit fed
via the high gain antenna and with receiver 1 as backup fed through the low
gain antenna (LGA-F). The downlink is provided through EPC2/TWTA2.
The 34 meter ground stations are in use to support TTC operations, with at
least one 70m station pass per week to support ranging.
Received downlink level -145 dBm.(34 meter) X-band.
(Variations of up to 10 db. can be expected as a result of station antenna in
use, local weather conditions, and spacecraft antenna off-pointing).
Received uplink level -123.3 dBm.
DATA HANDLING
The anomaly on CTU2 reported in previous Operations Reports is still under
investigation. However, some conclusions have now been reached which point to
an electrical connection between two adjacent data lines as a result of
component failure. The operational impact of this anomaly is being studied by
both the Spacecraft Control Team and the instrument teams in the event that
this CTU would have to be configured for operational use.
THERMAL
Nominal.
3. FLIGHT DYNAMICS
Solar Aspect The angle increased from 6.95 on
Angle (deg.) 20th October to 7.74 on 26th October.
Sun-Probe-Earth The angle increased from 7.14 on
Angle (deg.) 20th October to 7.85 on 26th October.
Spin Rate 4.981 rpm.
4. ORBITAL DATA
Data taken at 13:00 PDT on 26th October.
Distance from Earth 872,412,018 km.
Velocity relative to the Earth 127,214 km/hr.
Velocity relative to the Sun 32,109 km/hr.
Ecliptic latitude 12.1 deg/south
5. PLANNED OPERATIONS
Routine data gathering operations will continue together with experiment
reconfigurations as required.
On 4th November a HED calibration will be carried out.
On 2nd November a KEP EPAC in-flight calibration will be carried out.
Earth pointing manoeuvres will be performed on 30th October and 2nd November.
Periods of 2048 bps at low antenna elevations will be avoided to improve the
signal to noise ratio in the coming months. This will slightly reduce the
percentage of 1024 bps real-time data received. During this period, 70m passes
will also be scheduled to perform ranging at large spacecraft-Earth distances
while maintaining the desired bit rates.
6. GROUND SEGMENT
The ground segment performed nominally during the reporting period.
ULYSSES MISSION STATUS
October 23, 1992
All spacecraft and science operations are performing well. Routine
Earth-pointing maneuvers are continuing to be conducted every four to six
days. One such maneuver was performed today, Oct. 23, and the next set
will be carried out on Oct. 26 and Oct. 30.
A reduction in the number of ranging passes continued during this
reporting period to improve the spacecraft's signal at a great distance from
Earth. Today Ulysses is about 546 million miles (879 million kilometers) from
Earth and nearly 12 degrees south of the ecliptic plane in which Earth orbits.
The spacecraft is traveling at a heliocentric velocity of about 20,000
miles per hour (32,000 kilometers per hour).
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ULYSSES MISSION OPERATIONS REPORT
27th October to 2nd November 1992
1. MISSION OPERATIONS
Experiment reconfigurations have been carried out as required.
On 2nd November a KEP (Energetic Particles instrument) EPAC in-flight
calibration was carried out.
Routine Earth pointing manoeuvres were performed on 30th October and 2nd
November.
On 2nd November the STO (Radio and Plasma Waves instrument) daily command
sequences were delayed due to commanding problems at Goldstone. The sequences
were transmitted later from Canberra.
An average of 96.3 % data recovery was achieved during the reporting period.
The percentage of data acquired as a function of bit rate is as follows:
1024 bps 41.94 %
512 bps 54.06 %
A reduction in the number of ranging passes continued during the reporting
period in order to improve the poor signal to noise ratio encountered at the
present large spacecraft- Earth distances.
2. SPACECRAFT STATUS
POWER
Nominal.
Estimated S/C power consumption 258 watts.
AOCS
Nominal.
TTC
The spacecraft is currently configured with receiver 2 as the prime unit fed
via the high gain antenna and with receiver 1 as backup fed through the low
gain antenna (LGA- F). The downlink is provided through EPC2/TWTA2.
The 34 meter ground stations are in use to support TTC operations, with at
least one 70m station pass per week to support ranging.
Received downlink level -144 dBm.(34 meter) X-band.
(Variations of up to 10 db. can be expected as a result of station antenna in
use, local weather conditions, and spacecraft antenna off-pointing).
Received uplink level -126 dBm.
DATA HANDLING
The anomaly on CTU2 reported in previous Operations Reports is still under
investigation. However, some conclusions have now been reached which point to
an electrical connection between two adjacent data lines as a result of
component failure. The operational impact of this anomaly is being studied by
both the Spacecraft Control Team and the instrument teams in the event that
this CTU would have to be configured for operational use.
THERMAL
Nominal.
3. FLIGHT DYNAMICS
Solar Aspect The angle increased from 8.12 on
Angle (deg.) 27th October to 8.83 on 2nd November.
Sun-Probe-Earth The angle increased from 7.97 on
Angle (deg.) 27th October to 8.62 on 2nd November.
Spin Rate 4.981 rpm.
4. ORBITAL DATA
Data taken at 13:00 PDT on 2nd November.
Distance from Earth 857,316,852 km.
Velocity relative to the Earth 128,217 km/hr.
Velocity relative to the Sun 32,260 km/hr.
Ecliptic latitude 12.3 deg/south
5. PLANNED OPERATIONS
Routine data gathering operations will continue together with experiment
reconfigurations as required.
On 4th November a HED (Magnetic Field instrument) calibration will be carried
out.
Earth pointing manoeuvres will be performed on 6th and 10th November.
Periods of 2048 bps at low antenna elevations will be avoided to improve the
signal to noise ratio in the coming months. This will slightly reduce the
percentage of 1024 bps real-time data received. During this period, 70m passes
will also be scheduled to perform ranging at large spacecraft-Earth distances
while maintaining the desired bit rates.
6. GROUND SEGMENT
The ground segment performed nominally during the reporting period except for
the commanding problems described above.
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PLANNED SPACE SCIENCE MISSIONS FOR 1993
OFFICE OF SPACE SCIENCE and APPLICATIONS
MISSION SUMMARIES 1993
Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (DXS) - Jan. 13 -
Carried in the Space Shuttle payload bay, DXS's two instruments will measure
diffuse X-rays from the interstellar medium and test the theory that the
observed diffuse soft X-ray background originates from the remnant of a star
that exploded eons ago. The primary payload for this flight is TDRS-F.
Spacelab D-2 - Feb. 18 -
For this is a German Spacelab mission, OSSA is sponsoring 1 microgravity and 2
life science experiments. The payload operations control center for this
mission will be located in Germany.
Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-2) - Mar. 11 -
ATLAS-2 is the second in a series of ATLAS flights to study the interaction of
the Sun and the Earth's atmosphere. It is a crucial component of NASA's
Mission to Planet Earth. Six instruments will be mounted on a Spacelab pallet
in the Shuttle's payload bay. A seventh instrument and its electronics will be
located in two canisters attached to the payload bay wall.
Spacehab - 1 - (Apr. 28) -
A private industry effort, Spacehab will carry at least one Office of Space
Science and Applications microgravity experiment.
NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (NOAA-I) - May -
NOAA-I will conduct global environmental observations and search and rescue
operations. Acting as NOAA's agent, NASA procures the satellite and
instruments and provides for their launch. NOAA-I will be launched into a
polar orbit from Vandenberg Air Force Base on an Atlas-E Expendable Launch
Vehicle (ELV). NOAA-I has a design life of at least two years.
Advance Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) / Orbiting and Retrievable
Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) - June 30 -
ACTS will test new satellite communications technologies. ACTS will be
deployed from the Space Shuttle and then propelled into a geostationary orbit
using a Transfer Orbit Stage. ACTS' design life is two years. ORFEUS is the
first in a series of planned U.S.-German Shuttle Pallet Satellite (Astro-SPAS)
missions. Astro-SPAS, a free-flying, retrievable space carrier. ORFEUS
consists of three spectrometers for measuring ultraviolet radiation.
Wind - Aug. 93 -
Part of the Global Geospace Science Program, Wind will determine solar wind
input properties including plasma waves, energetic particles, electric and
magnetic fields for magnetosphere and ionospheric studies. Wind is a
spin-stabilized spacecraft that will make a lunar swingby and orbit 215 Earth
radii towards the sun. Wind will be launched on a Delta 2 ELV. Wind's design
life is 3 years.
Sea-Viewing Wide Field Sensor (SeaWiFS) - Aug. -
Launched into low- Earth orbit on a Pegasus, SeaWiFS will measure changes in
ocean color that indicate where concentrations of phytoplankton and chlorophyll
lie on the surface of the ocean. For global change research, measuring
concentrations of phytoplankton are essential in understanding the role of
oceans in the global carbon cycle. The satellite will be built, launched and
controlled by Orbital Science Corporation to provide commercially useful data
for sale.
Spacelab Life Sciences-2 (SLS-2) - Aug. 25 -
SLS-2 is the second in a series of Spacelab Life Sciences flights. A total of
14 experiments will be flown, concentrating on the
cardiovascular/cardiopulmonary systems, neuroscience, regulatory physiology and
musculoskeletal system.
NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (NOAA-J) - Dec. -
NOAA-J will conduct global environmental observations and search and rescue
operations. Acting as NOAA's agent, NASA procures the satellite and
instruments and provides for their launch. NOAA-J will be launched into a
polar orbit from Vandenberg A.F. Base on an Atlas-E ELV. NOAA-J has a design
life of at least two years. Though manifested for a Dec. launch, NOAA-J will
be built by NASA and held in storage until requested by NOAA.
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) - Dec. -
To be launched into a polar orbit on a Pegasus. The TOMS measures total ozone
concentrations. TOMS design life is three years.
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Revisit - Dec. 7 -
During this eight-day mission, the Shuttle crew will replace the solar arrays,
correct the spherical aberration and replace the gyroscopes and other
components as necessary.
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-I) - Dec. -
GOES-I will provide continuous environmental observations including severe
storm warnings. A NOAA spacecraft for which NASA acts as NOAA's agent in
procuring the satellite and instruments and providing for their launch. GOES-I
will be launched into a geostationary orbit on an Atlas-I ELV from Cape
Canaveral A.F. Station. GOES-I has a design life of five years.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
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=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921109.REL
11/09/92: STS-52 CREW POSTFLIGHT PRESS CONFERENCE SET FOR NOV.12
HQ N92-96/52 POSTFLT PRESS CONF.
Mark Hess
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 9, 1992
Barbara Schwartz
Johnson Space Center, Houston
EDITORS NOTE: N92-96
The STS-52 crew postflight press conference will be held Thursday,
Nov. 12, at 10 a.m. EST, at the Johnson Space Center, Houston.
The crew members will narrate film highlights of their mission to
deploy the LAGEOS-2 satellite and to perform numerous scientific
experiments. Canadian payload specialist Steven G. MacLean will talk about
the Canadian Experiment-2, and the astronauts will discuss the United
States Microgravity Payload-1.
The briefings will be carried on NASA Select television.
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=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921109.SHU
KSC SHUTTLE STATUS 11/09/92
SPACE SHUTTLE STATUS REPORT
Monday, November 9, 1992
George H. Diller
NASA-Kennedy Space Center
Vehicle: OV-103/Space Shuttle Discovery
Current Location: Launch Pad 39-A
Mission: STS-53/DoD Inclination: 57 degrees
Launch timeframe: December, wk 1 Nominal Landing Site: KSC
Mission duration: 7 days 5 hours 54 minutes Crew Size: 5
IN WORK TODAY:
- Launch pad validations
- Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) calibrations
- X-rays of reaction control system bellows
- Solid rocket booster Flight Readiness Test
WORK SCHEDULED:
- main engine Flight Readiness Test on Tuesday
- STS-53 astronaut arrival at SLF on Tuesday at 4:30 p.m.
- helium signature leak test on Wednesday
- TCDT on Thursday and Friday
- Auxiliary power unit hot fire next weekend
WORK COMPLETED:
- Rollout to Pad 39-A Sunday at 7:20 a.m. (Hard down 1:07 p.m.)
- Close rotating service structure
- Space Shuttle power-up
SPECIAL TOPICS: The IUS/TDRS payload left the Vertical
Processing Facility last night as scheduled but is currently in
the Vehicle Assembly Building awaiting an improvement in weather
conditions before completing the trip to Pad 39-B.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
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=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921109.SKD
DAILY NEWS/TV SKED 11-9-92
Daily News
Monday, November 9, 1992 24-hour audio service at 202/755-1788
% First NASA Town Meeting begins today in Raleigh, N.C.
% Scout launch delayed to no earlier than Tuesday, Nov. 10
% Tethered Satellite System Investigative report released
% Covert Group report on NASA's Satellite Rescue ability
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Today at 2:00 pm, Raleigh, N.C. will host the first of the series of NASA Town
Meetings. Live coverage on NASA Select television begins around 1:00 pm in the
Jane S. McKimmon Center on the North Carolina State University Campus. The open
meeting session will last until 6:30 pm. The next scheduled NASA Town Meeting
is in Hartford, CT on November 17 in the Lincoln Theater on the campus of the
University of Hartford.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
The launch of the Department of Defense Miniature Seeker Technology Integration
payload aboard a NASA Scout launch vehicle from Vandenberg Air Force Base was
delayed to no earlier than Tuesday, Nov. 10. Rescheduled from its Sunday, Nov.
8 launch. Previous launch attempts have been hampered by range control, power
supply and ground support equipment problems.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
NASA's Tethered Satellite System Investigative Board released their findings on
problems which prevented full deployment of the satellite during Space Shuttle
mission STS-46. The 47-page report examined five problems that occurred during
the deployment effort and identified causes of four of them. Based on the
board's findings, recommendations regarding several specific hardware
assessments and modifications should be made to other elements of the tethered
system if NASA decides to refly it.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
The NASA Advisory Council Group Task Force established at the direction of NASA
Administrator Daniel Goldin and chaired by Dr. Eugene E. Covert, professor of
Aeronautics and Astronautics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology concluded
that NASA should continue to concentrate on future satellite rescue and repair.
However, the Task Force recommended that these missions only be performed when
they "produce genuine benefits to U.S. interests in view of the inherent risks
to the Shuttle and its crew." The Task Force recommended that NASA keep its
satellite rescue pricing policy broad, continue to ensure all safety measures
are met for all satellite rescue and repair missions and should remind the
public of risks associated with these types of rescue missions.
Here's the broadcast schedule for Public Affairs events on NASA Select TV. Note
that all events and times may change without notice, and that all times listed
are Eastern. Live indicates a program is transmitted live.
Monday, November 9, 1992
Live 12:00 pm NASA Today news program,
12:15 pm Aeronautics & Space Report
12:30 pm One Step Closer
Live 1:00 pm NASA Town Meeting from Raleigh, NC.
6:30 pm NASA Today and subsequent programming repeats.
8:00 pm NASA Today and subsequent programming repeats.
12:00 am NASA Today and subsequent programming repeats.
NASA Select TV is carried on GE Satcom F2R, transponder 13, C-Band, 72 degrees
West Longitude, transponder frequency is 3960 MegaHertz, audio subcarrier is
6.8 MHz, polarization is vertical.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
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11/09/92: SCOUT LAUNCH RESCHEDULED FOR TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10
HQ/MSTI LAUNCH ADVISORY
Michael Braukus
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 9, 1992
Mitch Varnes
Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
Robert MacMillin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Maj. Mike Doble
Department of Defense, Pentagon
LAUNCH ADVISORY
A mechanical problem with an aircraft, needed to monitor telemetry
data, forced NASA to reschedule Sunday's launch of a Scout rocket from Space
Complex 5 at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., for Tuesday, Nov. 10, carrying
a Department of Defense payload called Miniature Seeker Technology Integration
(MSTI).
This is the sixth launch attempt for the Scout/MSTI vehicle. Previous
launch attempts have been hampered by range control, power supply and ground
support equipment problems.
Tuesday's launch window opens at 8:43 a.m. EST and extends until 9:43
a.m. The launch will be carried live on NASA Select TV.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
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11/09/92: TECHNOLOGY 2002 WILL SPOTLIGHT NATIONAL CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES
HQ 92-199/TECHNOLOGY 2002
Barbara E. Selby
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 9, 1992
RELEASE: 92-199
This December, the nation's top technology managers will gather in
Baltimore to explore a gold mine of innovative ideas that can be used to solve
engineering problems, create new products and help U.S. industry use
cutting-edge technology to gain a competitive edge in the global marketplace.
TECHNOLOGY 2002, the third national technology transfer conference and
exposition, will take place Dec. 1-3, at the Baltimore Convention Center in
Baltimore. The event, sponsored by NASA, "NASA Tech Briefs" magazine and the
Technology Utilization Foundation, will spotlight leading- edge technologies
from NASA and other federal agencies which U.S. industry can use to develop new
or improved products and processes.
"A wealth of technology is available from within NASA and other federal
research and development agencies," said Daniel S. Goldin, NASA Administrator.
"TECHNOLOGY 2002 is a premier forum for promoting the transfer of this
technology to non-aerospace businesses."
Keynote speakers for the conference are Maryland Senator Barbara
Mikulski (opening session on Dec. 1) and Sam F. Iacobellis, Executive Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer, Rockwell International (Dec. 2). Other
participants will include speakers from NASA, the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the
Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Health and Human
Services, Interior, Transportation and Veterans Affairs.
TECHNOLOGY 2002 will feature more than 120 presentations highlighting
inventions with commercial promise in areas identified as national critical
technologies, such as manufacturing, advanced materials, computing,
communications, microelectronics, biotechnology, energy and the environment.
Additionally, special hands-on workshops will address the "ins and outs"
of patent licensing, cooperative research and development and Small Business
Innovation Research grants.
Since its inception 3 years ago, the symposium has more than tripled in
size and participation. Some 6,000 engineers and business managers across U.S.
industry are expected to attend TECHNOLOGY 2002, which will showcase over
60,000 square feet of exhibits from all nine NASA field centers, other
government agencies, universities, government research centers and a diverse
array of high-tech companies.
TECHNOLOGY 2002 will open National Technology Transfer Week, Nov. 30
through Dec. 5, 1992. Two other technology transfer conferences -- the
President's National Technology Initiative (NTI) and the MIT Entrepreneurial
Technology Transfer Conference -- are planned during the week. The NTI will be
held concurrently with TECHNOLOGY 2002's Dec. 1 sessions at the Baltimore
Convention Center. The MIT conference will take place on Dec. 3-5 at the
Baltimore Hyatt Regency Hotel.
The NTI will focus on opportunities for partnerships between government,
academia and U.S. companies to translate new technologies into marketable goods
and services. Top- level officials from the Departments of Commerce, Energy,
Transportation, NASA and other federal agencies will discuss three critical
elements for U.S. competitiveness -- technology, capital and manufacturing.
The MIT Conference, sponsored by the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology Enterprise Forum, is designed to provide the skills and tools needed
to commercialize emerging technologies and capitalize on partnership
opportunities such as those featured at TECHNOLOGY 2002 and the NTI. In more
than 25 "how to" sessions and interactive tutorials, leading entrepreneurs,
technology licensing officers, research managers and investors will help
attendees formulate technology transfer strategies and techniques.
- end -
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
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These files were added or updated between 05-Nov-92 at 21:00:00 {Central}
and 06-Nov-92 at 21:00:12.
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:900427.ISY
4/27/90: SCIENTISTS UNVEIL SAILS THAT WILL RACE TO MARS IN 1992
Washington D.C., April 27, 1990 -- Designs for a six-nation fleet of
gossamer solar sails that will race to Mars in the Columbus 500 Space Sail Cup
during the 1992 International Space Year were shown to the public for the first
time at the Carnegie Institution of Washington last week.
The sails, which fly on the flow of photons from the sun, will be of
various shapes and sizes, from a small sunflower-petals shape to a rectangular
sail that is the length of three football fields. Most will be made of
material that is thinner and ligh er than plastic food wrap.
The sail cup race is sponsored by the Christopher Columbus 500
Quincentenary Jubilee Commission. Based on the theme of the adventure ships
Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria, the race will feature entries from the Americas
(where Columbus sailed to), Europe where he sailed from), and Asia (where
Columbus thought he was bound for).
Designers of contending sailing ships from the United States, Canada,
Great Britain, Italy, China and the U.S.S.R. revealed the design of their
vessels at the Carnegie Institution symposium. Development cost estimates for
each of these designs range from $3 million to more than $15 million.
The winning designs for the "Americas", reviewed and selected late last
year by a panel at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
(AIAA), were submitted by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory (Laurel, MD), the World Space Foundation (Pasadena, CA), the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA), and the Canadian Space
Society (Toronto).
"Solar sails are beautiful ships that stream across space. The race
will not only be fun for everyone, but it will demonstrate that these vessels
are hardy enough for future interplanetary travel," said the symposium's
co-chairman, Dr. Klaus P. Heiss, an expert in space applications.
Solar sails have long been recognized as a viable method of space
travel; the sails travel as fast between planets as craft using chemical
propulsion, and they can potentially carry heavy cargoes. But these racing
ships will be as light as possible, we ghing no more than 500 kilograms (about
1,100 pounds).
The race will begin around Columbus Day, 1992, when the folded sails
will be launched into high earth orbit by rocket. While in orbit, the sails
will unfurl from their small canisters to catch the kinetic energy of light
bouncing off their surfaces fo propulsion into interplanetary space. The trip
from the Earth, to near Moon, and onto Mars is expected to take as little as
one year or as much as five years. Winners will be determined at different
stages: a successful deployment and unfurling, journe beyond Earth's gravity,
closest passage near the Moon or Mars within 10,000 kilometers, and the
ultimate Cup goal of reaching Mars.
Production of the "Americas" sails is expected to be funded by a
consortium of aerospace industries that will utilize the solar sail technology
produced for future interplanetary travel. Free launch of one Americas entry
into space has been assured, nd NASA has agreed to provide the US Team with
technical advice, tracking and telemetry services.
"The response from such highly qualified, technically sophisticated
organizations is an indication of the significance of the project in advancing
the technological boundaries of low-cost space transport in the next century,"
says former Congressman James W. Symington, co-chair of the symposium.
The four winning "Americas" designs are:
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory designed an
aluminized, reflective sail in the shape of a flat disc with a diameter of 560
feet and weighing 180 kilograms (about 400 pounds). Calling it a "sunflower",
Harold Fox, APL's solar sa l project manager, said the sail would be made of
480 "petals", each four feet wide. The space craft will carry a television
camera, antenna, solar power panels, and a command and control "bus" as well as
instruments to perform student-designed experime ts. The sail is estimated to
cost $15 million. Team members and affiliations include L'Garde Inc., of
California, producers of large inflatible space structures, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, the Naval Academy, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the
University of Maryland and Westinghouse Corporation.
The World Space Foundation has designed a $6.5 million sail shaped like
a square, 3,000 meters large ("many times the size of the space shuttle"),
Robert Staehle, the foundation's president, told symposium participants. A
50-foot section of the sail h s already been tested. The sail will carry
messages from elementary students about the future they desire for the Earth
and Universe, in cooperation with the SpaceArc project, the Rochester Museum
and Science Center. The foundation's team includes McDon ell Douglas, the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation, Utah State
University, Weber State College, and the Planetary Society, among others.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has decided to build an
extremely lightweight (no more than 44 pounds), sail about the size of a city
block (1,000 square meters). The sail, made from a thin Kevlar film, features
eight 12-foot arms that will s in slowly to help keep the arms stiff, said
Andreas H. von Flotow, assistant professor in MIT's department of aeronautics
and astronautics. The sail will not feature any "bells and whistles" payload,
and is expected to cost about $3 million.
The Canadian Space Society's sail is hexagonal and flat and is about
the size of three football fields. It features a "Venetian blinds" concept -
thin strips that rotate for control. The sail will carry instruments for
experiments with plasma waves a d magnetism - one of the main missions of the
voyage, said Steve Horvath, the society's sail project leader .
Additionally, proposals from Italy (Aeritalia Corporation with Italian
aerospace companies and universities), the U.S.S.R. (Moscow Aviation
Institute), Great Britain (Cambridge Consultants), and China (the Chinese Space
Society) were reviewed at the sy posium. Italy has designed a $15 million sail
that is 10,000 square meters and made of aluminum coated Mylar. Britain's entry
has 24 carbon fiber ribs and a sail made of polyester film. The Soviet sail,
designed by a 60-member team, is also a "sunfl wer" design of 15,000 square
meters. The Chinese proposal, designed by university students, is similar to
the MIT design but larger.
For information on the Solar Sail Race, or any ISY program or event,
please contact Renee Twombly, Information Director, US International Space Year
Association (US-ISY), 202-863-1734. US-ISY was established with support from
NASA to provide information on ISY events.
######
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=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921106.REL
11/6/92: REPORT DETAILS CAUSES OF TETHERED SATELLITE MALFUNCTIONS
Mark Hess
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 6, 1992
Jerry Berg
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
RELEASE: 92-196
The report of NASA's Tethered Satellite System
Investigative Board was released today, presenting the
panel's findings on problems which prevented full deployment
of the satellite during Space Shuttle mission STS-46.
The 47-page report examined five problems that occurred
during the deployment effort and identified causes for four
of them. It made recommendations for actions to be taken to
prevent similar occurrences in the future.
The board said the two snags during deployment and
retrieval -- when first releasing the satellite from the
deployer and when the satellite was at 735 feet -- were due
to slack which developed in the tether at a point where it
moves between one pulley and another -- somewhat similar to
movie film misfeeding in a projector.
"The crew found a way to procedurally get around this
slack problem," said Board Chairman Darrell Branscome. "In
both cases the jamming was overcome. By itself, this problem
would not have prevented us from fully deploying the
satellite."
NASA previously had reported on Aug. 28 that the cause
of the unplanned stops at 587 and 840 feet was a mechanical
obstruction -- a protruding bolt -- which prevented part of
the tether reel mechanism from moving across its full range
of travel.
"We contacted the bolt when the satellite was out at 587
feet," said Branscome. "What we learned from our ground
simulations was that in spite of the bolt obstruction, it was
possible to pull additional tether off the reel, out to 840
feet."
According to the report, the bolt was part of a hardware
change made late in the review process and should have been
caught in the systems engineering review.
"The board made some excellent recommendations in the
report on how to deal with things like late changes to the
hardware," said Pearson. "We are going to look carefully at
their recommendations and apply the lessons learned from this
flight to future missions."
No plausible scenario has been validated by post-flight
demonstration regarding difficulty in retracting one of two
umbilicals between the tethered satellite and deployer.
Based on its findings, the board recommended several
specific hardware assessments and modifications which should
be made to other elements of the tethered system if NASA
decides to refly it.
The board was formed on Aug. 12 by Jeremiah Pearson,
NASA Associate Administrator for Space Flight. The six-
member board included representatives from various NASA
centers and the Italian Space Agency.
- end -
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KSC SHUTTLE STATUS 11/6/92
SPACE SHUTTLE WEEKLY STATUS SUMMARY
Friday, November 6, 1992
Vehicle: OV-103/Space Shuttle Discovery
Current Location: Vehicle Assembly Building, High Bay 3
Mission: STS-53 DoD Inclination: 57 degrees
Launch timeframe: Dec. wk 1 Nominal Landing Site: KSC
Mission duration: 7 days 5 hours 54 minutes Crew Size: 5
STS-53 IN WORK TODAY:
- Shuttle Interface Test (electrical portion)
STS-53 WORK COMPLETED:
- mating Discovery to external tank/solid rocket booster stack
STS-53 WORK SCHEDULED NEXT WEEK:
- rollout to Pad 39-A on Sunday at 8 a.m.
- anticipated hard down at Pad 39-A at 2:45 p.m. Sunday
- auxiliary power unit hot fire early Monday morning
- begin Inertial Measurement Unit calibration on Monday
- main engine Flight Readiness Test on Tuesday
- helium signature leak test on Wednesday
- TCDT on Thursday and Friday
Vehicle: OV-105/Orbiter Endeavour
Location: OPF Bay 1
Primary Payload: TDRS-F/IUS-13 + Diffuse X-Ray Spectrometer (DXS)
Mission: STS-54 Inclination: 28.45 degrees
Launch Timeframe: January Wk 2 Nominal Landing Site: KSC
Mission Duration: 6 days Crew Size: 5
STS-54 IN WORK:
- drag chute door installation
- bulb seal repair
- midbody closeouts
- heat shield installation
- torque readjustment of vertical stablilizer bolts
- auxiliary power unit leak and functional checks
- tile water proofing
STS-54 WORK SCHEDULED:
- Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) on Saturday
- ammonia boiler servicing on Sunday
- waste containment system checkout and functional test
- payload airborne support equipment Interface Verification Test
- changeout of reaction control system (L3A) thruster bellows
- begin payload bay cleaning
- move TDRS/IUS payload to Pad 39-B on Monday
- install DXS payload in payload bay on Tuesday
STS-54 WORK COMPLETED:
- installation of TDRS/IUS into payload canister in VPF
- remove and replace orbiter window #6
- changeout two reaction control system thrusters (L3A and L5D)
- OMS/RCS flight control system checkout
- OMS pod redundancy checks
- auxiliary power unit water servicing
- auxiliary power unit leak and functional checks
- potable water servicing
- waste containment system installation
- star tracker door functional test
Vehicle: OV-102/Orbiter Columbia
Current location: OPF Bay 2
Mission: STS-55/Spacelab-D2 Inclination: 28.45 degrees
Launch timeframe: February, wk 4 Nominal Landing Site: KSC
Mission Duration: 8 days 22 hours Crew size: 7
STS-55 IN WORK:
- post flight orbiter inspections
- main engine inspections
- window inspections and polishing
- clean and inspect star tracker
- removal of USMP payload from payload bay
- Ku Band antenna testing
- Spacelab D-2 Mission Sequence Test in the O&C building
- auxiliary power unit lube oil deservicing
STS-55 WORK SCHEDULED:
- hypergolic deservicing
- forward reaction control system removal
- remove main engine heat shields
- remove waste containment system
- remove wheels and tires
STS-55 WORK COMPLETED:
- orbiter initial post flight safing
- orbiter jack and level
- establish orbiter access
- attach payload bay door strongback
- open payload bay doors
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
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=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921106A.REL
11/6/92: DON'T FORFEIT SATELLITE RESCUE ABILITY COVERT GROUP REPORTS
Mark Hess
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 6, 1992
RELEASE: 92-197
A task group, looking into issues concerning future satellite rescue
and repair, says NASA should continue to perform such missions, but only when
they "produce genuine benefits to U.S. interests in view of the inherent risks
to the Shuttle and its crew."
"The unique ability to accomplish satellite rescue and repair should
not be forfeited," said task force Chairman Dr. Eugene E. Covert. "But these
missions pose inherent risks to the Shuttle and should be undertaken only when
the benefits outweigh the risks." Covert added the authority to employ this
capability should rest solely with the NASA Administrator.
The NASA Advisory Council Group Task Force was established at the
direction of NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin. Chairman Covert is a professor
of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Massachusetts Institute Of Technology. Vice
Chairman was former astronaut Lt. Gen. Thomas Stafford, USAF (ret).
The charter of the group was to recommend "a policy outlining the
criteria, the design standards and the pricing model to guide NASA in assessing
the responsibilities for government and non-government satellite rescue and
repair missions."
Conclusions and Recommendations
While pointing out that opportunities for performing unanticipated
satellite rescue or repair missions in the future are likely to be rare, the
report says the unique ability to accomplish such missions should not be
forfeited.
"We estimated that only 1 percent of the total satellites to be
launched in the next few years will be candidates for rescue and repair," said
Covert.
And while the trend for scientific satellites is for smaller satellites
that do not require on-orbit maintenance, the group did say the Shuttle should
continue to support those science payloads designed to be serviced, such as the
Hubble Space Telescope.
"Flexible" Approach to Pricing
The report notes that if NASA charged customers the full cost of a
Shuttle mission, the economic benefit to the manufacturer, the owner or the
insurer "would be greatly diminished."
The report urges NASA to keep its satellite rescue pricing policy broad
enough to accommodate U.S. government agencies and commercial enterprises as
well as international government and commercial clients. Covert said the group
recommends a pricing approach that would vary depending upon the customer for
the mission.
The task force recommends that non-NASA U.S. government customers pay
marginal costs which NASA defines as the cost of adding or deleting one mission
from the manifest.
Reimbursable customers (commercial and international) should pay the
marginal cost for the mission as well as any costs up front which are unique to
that mission.
"In addition to the marginal and unique costs, we recommend that if the
mission is a success, NASA should receive a negotiated portion of the revenues
until the full cost of the rescue is paid," Covert said. The government should
not charge customers for Shuttle replacement, NASA facilities or facilities
amortization costs.
If the rescue provides significant benefit to NASA or the U.S.
government, Covert said the task force recommended consideration be given to
sharing costs with the customer.
Safety Remains Top Priority
The task force said NASA should continue to ensure that safety
requirements are met for all satellite rescue and repair missions.
"We note in the report the Intelsat rescue mission did not have a
mission manager," Covert said. "We recommend a mission manager be named as soon
as NASA has accepted a mission, and this person should be responsible for all
aspects of preflight mission execution."
The report also recommends added emphasis on training and the upgrade
of EVA (extravehicular activity) including use of state of the art EVA tools
and training methods.
It also calls for the maximum use of individuals with previous
experience, both internal and external to NASA, to help ensure mission safety
and success.
Should Stress Risks
Covert said one of the most important findings that came out of the
study was the risks of performing these types of missions. Noting that rescue
missions on land or at sea are not always successful, the committee recommended
NASA remind the public of the risks associated with rescue missions.
"There may be times in the future when NASA is not successful in
rescuing and repairing a satellite. That does not mean the total, overall
Shuttle flight was a failure," he said.
Covert said the extensive planning and training that must be done to
prepare for and carry out a complex mission such as a satellite rescue and
repair can possibly provide valuable information that will benefit space
operations in the future.
"But the most valuable experience and information is gained from
disciplined execution of carefully planned experiments," he said.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
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=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921106B.REL
11/6/92: SCOUT LAUNCH RESCHEDULED FOR SUNDAY NOVEMBER 8
Michael Braukus
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
N
Mitch Varnes
Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
Robert MacMillin
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Maj. Mike Doble
Department of Defense, Pentagon
LAUNCH ADVISORY
NASA has rescheduled the launch of a Scout rocket from Space Complex 5 at
Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., for Sunday, Nov. 8, carrying a Department of
Defense payload called Miniature Seeker Technology Integration (MSTI).
This is the fifth launch attempt for the Scout/MSTI vehicle. Previous
launch attempts have been hampered by range control, power supply and ground
support equipment problems.
Sunday's launch window opens at 8:42 a.m. EST and extends until 9:42 a.m.
The launch will be carried live on NASA Select TV. The broadcast also may be
monitored on the V-circuits. This system can be reached by calling
407/867-1260.
The Scout/MSTI News Center at Vandenberg Air Force Base will be located in
Building 840, the NASA Administrative Headquarters.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:921106C.REL
11/6/92: VIKING PHOTOS SHOW MARS MAY EXPERIENCE FREQUENT QUAKES
Paula Cleggett-Haleim
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 6, 1992
Jim Doyle
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
RELEASE: 92-198
Mars was once very active tectonically and may still be
shaken by quakes daily, according to scientists using NASA's
Viking Orbiter photos of the red planet's surface.
In a science paper published today, Drs. Matthew
Golombek, W. Bruce Banerdt and David M. Tralli of the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory and Dr. Kenneth L. Tanaka of the U.S.
Geological Survey said Mars is more seismically active than
the moon, but less so than Earth.
"Because Mars is smaller than Earth, little more than
half the size, a magnitude 6 quake on Mars would have 10
times the effect it would on Earth," Golombek said.
Marsquakes of that magnitude may occur about once every
4 and a half years, he said. A marsquake of about magnitude
4, however, might happen somewhere on the planet once a month
on an average. Yet, a quake of magnitude 4 would be
detectable throughout the planet, again because of its size
and presumed structure.
Tectonic features on Mars are found mostly around the
Tharsis region, a large volcanic plateau with associated
features that cover the entire western hemisphere of the
planet.
Tectonism in that region occurred mainly during two
periods in the planet's history -- the earliest possibly as
long ago as 4-billion years and the most recent ending
possibly less than one-billion years ago.
Features that formed during the first seismic period
include many narrow graben or long ditch-like or trough
features with faults along their sides. Also formed at that
time was a system of concentric wrinkle ridges, larger graben
and rifts, and the deep rift valleys of Mars' great 1,860-
mile-long (3,000-kilometer) canyon, the Valles Marineris.
During the second period, tectonism caused an enormous
set of radial grabens that extend up to thousands of
kilometers from the center of the plateau and rift zones of
Valles Marineris, along with other prominent features.
Tectonism and seismic activity have decreased from the
earlier period to the present, Golombek said, as would be
expected if the seismic activity is governed by simple
cooling of the lithosphere -- the rigid outer crust and upper
part of the mantle -- of the planet.
The scientists said that while Mars is less seismically
active than Earth, their studies predict that about two
marsquakes of magnitude 5 or greater occur per year, about a
hundred quakes of magnitude 3 or greater occur per year.
"That is a promising prospect for seismological
investigations on future missions to Mars," Golombek said.
Golombek is the Project Scientist for the Mars
Environmental Survey (MESUR) project which would place a
network of landers, each with a seismometer, in different
locations on the Martian surface. Recordings of marsquakes
by seismometers at different locations will help determine
the internal structure of the red planet.
The network of instrumented landers is planned to be
deployed over three Mars launch opportunities. Four would be
sent in 1999, four more in 2001 and the final eight launched
with four each on two launch vehicles in 2003.
A precursor mission called MESUR Pathfinder is under
study as part of NASA's proposed Discovery Program of small,
low-cost planetary missions. MESUR Pathfinder would place a
single lander on Mars with a robotic rover deploying, among
other instruments, a seismometer as early as 1996.
The paper, published today in Science magazine, is
entitled "A Prediction of Mars Seismicity from Surface
Faulting."
The Discovery Program and the Viking mission are managed
by NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
- end -
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:5_11_3.TXT
International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE)
The International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) project was a joint enterprise,
with participants from NASA and its contractors, the European Space Agency,
and the British Science Research Council. IUE-1, launched into geosynchronous
orbit in January 1978, allowed hundreds of users at two locations to conduct
spectral studies of celestial ultraviolet sources. It was the first satellite
totally dedicated to ultraviolet astromony.
NASA provided the IUE spacecraft, optical and mechanical components of the
scientific instruments, the U.S. ground observatory, and the spacecraft control
software. ESA contributed the solar arrays IUE-1 needed as a power source and
the European ground observatory in Spain. The British Science Research Council
oversaw the development of the spectrograph television cameras and, with the
U.S., the image processing software.
The objects of IUE's studies were many: faint stars, quasars, comets, gas
streams, extragalactic objects, and the interstellar medium. The primary
instrument for these studies was a 45-centimeter Ritchey Chretien telescope.
Geosynchronous orbit permitted continuous observations and real-time data
access by the many observers who worked at the two ground observatories. With
the increased time, many "visiting observers" could take advantage of the
ultraviolet astronomy satellite. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center controlled
the spacecraft 16 hours of each day, while the European observatory near Madrid
controlled it for 8 hours
IUE Characteristics
Also called: International Ultraviolet Explorer
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between NASA and: European Space Agency and
U.K. Science Research Council
Date of launch (range): Jan 26, 1978 (ETR)
Launch vehicle: Thor-Delta 2914
Shape: Octagonal
Weight (kg): 671
Dimensions: 1.3, diam. (4.3 with solar arrays)
4.3, length (with telescope tube)
Power source: solar arrays plus NiCd battery
Prime contractor: N/A
Date of re-entry: N/A
NASA's role: spacecraft launch vehicle, spacecraft support, tracking and data
acquisition, with ESA providing the solar arrays and a European
ground observatory and U.K. providing the image tubes for the
spectrograph and acquisition field camera.
Responsible NASA center: GSFC
Project manager: Gerald W. Longanecker
Project scientist: Albert Boggess
Objectives: To conduct spectral distribution studies of celestial untraviolet
sources (see below); ground observatories were established at GSFC
and at Vallofranca del Castillo.
Experiments: Satellite function as an observatory for hundreds of users (45-cm
Ritchey Chretien telescope); scientific goals included:
to obtain high resolution spectra of stars
to study gas streams
to observe faint stars, galaxies, and quasars
to observe the spectra of planets and comets
to make repeated observations which show variable spectra
to define more precisely the modifications of starlight caused by
interstellar dust and gas
Results: Highly successful
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
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=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:5_11_4.TXT
IUE MONTHLY STATUS REPORT (10/31/92)
INTERNATIONAL ULTRAVIOLET EXPLORER
The nearly-15-year-old IUE took more than 300 images during October. The
IUE science team's ongoing study of active galactic nuclei continues. By
monitoring changes in these mysterious objects, the team is studying accretion
discs -- gas circling around the centers of these objects. It is theorized
that the center of an active galactic nucleus is comprised of a black hole with
a mass equal to 100 million Suns. The IUE was launched aboard a Goddard-managed
Delta on January 26, 1978.
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_12_7.TXT
Mir element set #686 (6-Nov-92)
Mir
1 16609U 86 17 A 92311.49039476 .00021501 00000-0 31377-3 0 6868
2 16609 51.6236 256.6295 0002666 52.6457 307.4724 15.55605330384411
Satellite: Mir
Catalog number: 16609
Epoch time: 92311.49039476
Element set: 686
Inclination: 51.6236 deg
RA of node: 256.6295 deg Semi-major axis: 3660.0907 n.mi.
Eccentricity: 0.0002666 Apogee altitude: 217.1323 n.mi.
Arg of perigee: 52.6457 deg Perigee altitude: 215.1808 n.mi.
Mean anomaly: 307.4724 deg Altitude decay: 0.0337 n.mi./day
Mean motion: 15.55605330 rev/day Apsidal rotation: 3.7273 deg/day
Decay rate: 2.1501E-04 rev/day~2 Nodal regression: -4.9919 deg/day
Epoch rev: 38441 Nodal period: 92.5069 min
GIL.CARMAN
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
=--=--=-END-=--=--=
=--=--=START=--=--= NASA Spacelink File Name:6_9_9_6.TXT
11/6/92: REPORT DETAILS CAUSES OF TETHERED SATELLITE MALFUNCTIONS
Mark Hess
Headquarters, Washington, D.C. November 6, 1992
Jerry Berg
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
RELEASE: 92-196
The report of NASA's Tethered Satellite System
Investigative Board was released today, presenting the
panel's findings on problems which prevented full deployment
of the satellite during Space Shuttle mission STS-46.
The 47-page report examined five problems that occurred
during the deployment effort and identified causes for four
of them. It made recommendations for actions to be taken to
prevent similar occurrences in the future.
The board said the two snags during deployment and
retrieval -- when first releasing the satellite from the
deployer and when the satellite was at 735 feet -- were due
to slack which developed in the tether at a point where it
moves between one pulley and another -- somewhat similar to
movie film misfeeding in a projector.
"The crew found a way to procedurally get around this
slack problem," said Board Chairman Darrell Branscome. "In
both cases the jamming was overcome. By itself, this problem
would not have prevented us from fully deploying the
satellite."
NASA previously had reported on Aug. 28 that the cause
of the unplanned stops at 587 and 840 feet was a mechanical
obstruction -- a protruding bolt -- which prevented part of
the tether reel mechanism from moving across its full range
of travel.
"We contacted the bolt when the satellite was out at 587
feet," said Branscome. "What we learned from our ground
simulations was that in spite of the bolt obstruction, it was
possible to pull additional tether off the reel, out to 840
feet."
According to the report, the bolt was part of a hardware
change made late in the review process and should have been
caught in the systems engineering review.
"The board made some excellent recommendations in the
report on how to deal with things like late changes to the
hardware," said Pearson. "We are going to look carefully at
their recommendations and apply the lessons learned from this
flight to future missions."
No plausible scenario has been validated by post-flight
demonstration regarding difficulty in retracting one of two
umbilicals between the tethered satellite and deployer.
Based on its findings, the board recommended several
specific hardware assessments and modifications which should
be made to other elements of the tethered system if NASA
decides to refly it.
The board was formed on Aug. 12 by Jeremiah Pearson,
NASA Associate Administrator for Space Flight. The six-
member board included representatives from various NASA
centers and the Italian Space Agency.
- end -
Source:NASA Spacelink Modem:205-895-0028 Internet:192.149.89.61
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STS-53 Launch 12/2/92
Discovery lifted off this morning at 8:24 am EST following a
nearly-90-minute-long delay because of ice which had formed on the outside of
the External Tank in several areas. Discovery and its five-person crew are now
in a circular, 233 statute-mile-high orbit, with the payload bay doors open.
The launch itself, once underway, was completely nominal, as were the two
circularization firings of the orbiter's maneuvering system engines.
Discovery's 57-degree inclination mission is scheduled for a nominal
end-of-mission landing at the Kennedy Space Center shuttle landing strip on
December 9, at 12:53 pm EST.
At the post-launch press conference this morning at KSC, launch director Robert
Sieck and shuttle safety chief Brewster Shaw said this launch culminated a year
which had seen 7 of 8 launches go within a two-hour period of their scheduled
time. Sieck and Shaw also commented on the increasing efficiency of their
processing activities at Kennedy. Shaw noted that in the past two years orbiter
processing has been reduced by more than several thousand man-hours with no
sacrifice in either safety or processing. Shaw said they also were seeing a
decreasing number of change-out requests while the orbiters were in their
hangers and a decreasing number of problem reports. There also have been fewer
and fewer on-orbit anomalies as the various orbiters have flown, Shaw noted.
Shaw said he felt very comfortable flying eight missions a year and felt the
nation's space shuttle launch activities were achieving a proper level of
maturity. Shaw also said that, based on the findings of a special team
commissioned just about one year ago and on discussions held yesterday and this
morning regarding the impact on launch commit criteria of cold temperatures, he
felt NASA flight management was moving towards a modification in these rules.
Because STS-53 is a classified mission, there will be limited NASA Select
television coverage until DOD primary operations have concluded. Also, for
this mission only, there will be no NASA Select daily two-hour summaries made
available via satellite to Alaska and Hawaii.
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STS-53 Status Report #1
Mission Control Center
Wednesday, Dec. 2, 1992, 9:30 a.m. CST
The Space Shuttle Discovery lifted off at 7:24 a.m. JSC time today after a
lengthy hold at the T-9 minute mark in the countdown to allow the sun to melt
ice that had formed on Discovery's external tank and to analyze upper-level
wind data from a weather balloon sent up at 6:26 a.m. CST.
The countdown went smoothly with no technical problems encountered. The ascent
phase of the STS-53 mission was near-perfect with only one minor sensor failure
noted. A sensor on the Shuttle's center main engine gave an erroneous
low-pressure reading, but correct data was available from other sensors in the
same area.
Discovery's payload bay doors were opened a few minutes after 9 this morning
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communications broadcasts are disconnected for the classified Department of
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Discovery is in a 200 nautical mile orbit around Earth at a 57-degree
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STS-53 Status Report #2
MISSION CONTROL CENTER
Wednesday, December 2, 1992, 5 p.m. CST
Discovery is orbiting Earthin flawless shape with the crew -- Commander Dave
Walker, Pilot Bob Cabana, and Mission Specialists Guy Bluford, Jim Voss and
Rich Clifford -- winding down their first day in space.
The crew deployed the DOD-1 payload on time at 1:18 p.m. CST today. All
activities proceeded exactly as planned.
Later, the crew began activating several secondary experiments aboard
Discovery, including the Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor, or
CREAM, and the Radiation Monitoring Equipment, or RME, two devices that make
complementary measurements of the amounts of radiation in the crew cabin. The
crew also began a series of medical tests performed on many shuttle flights to
study the effects of weightlessness on humans. The two tests performed today
photographed the retina in the eye and measured pressure within the eye.
Discovery's crew will go to sleep at 6:24 p.m. CST and awaken at 2:24 a.m.
CST tomorrow to begin their second day in space. Discovery remains in a 200
nautical mile high circular orbit.
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17.Mars Observer Status Reports
18.Current Shuttle Flight STS-53
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NASA Spacelink Main Menu
1. Log Off NASA Spacelink
2. NASA Spacelink Overview
3. Current NASA News
4. Aeronautics
5. Space Exploration: Before the Shuttle
6. Space Exploration: The Shuttle and Beyond
7. NASA and its Centers
8. NASA Educational Services
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11. International Space Year (ISY)
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NASA Spacelink Main Menu
1. Log Off NASA Spacelink
2. NASA Spacelink Overview
3. Current NASA News
4. Aeronautics
5. Space Exploration: Before the Shuttle
6. Space Exploration: The Shuttle and Beyond
7. NASA and its Centers
8. NASA Educational Services
9. Classroom Materials
10. Space Program Spinoffs/Technology Transfer
11. International Space Year (ISY)
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Classroom Materials
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1. Main Menu
2..Living In Space Activities
3..Space Science Activities
4..Newsletters for Educators
5..How to Obtain NASA Educational Publications
6..Astronomy Information
7..Very Lo-Res "Graphics"
8..Film/Video List
9..Careers in Aerospace
10.NASA Educational Fact Sheets
11.Computer Programs & Graphics
12.Key Dates (by Ralph Winrich)
13.Materials from Outside Organizations
14.1990-1991 High School Debate Topic Information
15.Liftoff to Learning Series--Educational Videotapes
16.Miscellaneous Classroom Activities
17.Space Age Activity Guide (PBS Television Series Guide)
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SPACE AGE (PBS Television Series) Activity Guide
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1. Main Menu
2..Introduction
3..Viewing Guide
4..Activity Notes
5..Activity Sheets
6..Resources
7..****ALL THE ABOVE IN ONE DOCUMENT****
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